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🇹🇲 Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan (Asia) has a population of 7,618,847 (2025), ranking 102 out of 213 countries by population. GDP per capita – Turkmenistan: $6,540 /inh. (2025), ranking 127 out of 211. Economic growth is 6.3 % (2025). The unemployment rate is 4.3 % (2025).
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Strengths and weaknesses
Strengths – Turkmenistan, according to global rankings (rank/countries ranked): Population living less than 5 m above sea level (1/212), Share of adults with the right to vote (1/173), Births attended by skilled health personnel (1/204).
Weaknesses – Turkmenistan, according to global rankings (rank/countries ranked): Share of health spending paid directly by patients (189/191), Regulatory quality (WGI) (200/203), Participatory democracy index (170/173).
Regional comparison
- GDP per capita: Turkmenistan has $6,540 /inh., close to the regional median (Asia: $6,540 /inh.).
- Unemployment: Turkmenistan has 4.3 %, above the regional median (Asia: 3.8 %).
- GDP growth: Turkmenistan has 6.3 %, above the regional median (Asia: 4 %).
Comparable countries
From closest to furthest. The proximity score (0 to 100) compares each country’s position across all the indicators they have in common: 100 = identical profiles.
- 1🇺🇿Uzbekistan209 indicators compared53/100
- 2🇹🇯Tajikistan205 indicators compared48/100
- 3🇰🇬Kyrgyzstan209 indicators compared41/100
- 4🇦🇿Azerbaijan211 indicators compared38/100
- 5🇰🇿Kazakhstan209 indicators compared37/100
- 6🇩🇿Algeria206 indicators compared35/100
- 7🇮🇷Iran206 indicators compared30/100
- 8🇪🇬Egypt207 indicators compared27/100
- 9🇲🇷Mauritania206 indicators compared26/100
- 10🇰🇭Cambodia203 indicators compared26/100
- 11🇹🇷Türkiye211 indicators compared25/100
- 12🇹🇳Tunisia206 indicators compared25/100
All indicators
·Wealth & Growth 9
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP growth | 6.3 % | 2025 | 32 of 211 |
| GDP per capita growth | 4.6 % | 2025 | 37 of 211 |
| Natural resource rents | 13.5 % | 2019 | 37 of 211 |
| GDP, purchasing power parity | $172.2B | 2025 | 87 of 201 |
| Net national income per capita | $5,005 /inh. | 2019 | 88 of 184 |
| GDP | $49.8B | 2025 | 98 of 211 |
| GDP per capita, purchasing power parity | $22,602 /inh. | 2025 | 99 of 201 |
| Gross national income per capita (Atlas method) | $6,340 /inh. | 2025 | 118 of 205 |
| GDP per capita | $6,540 /inh. | 2025 | 127 of 211 |
Prices, Inflation & Currency 2
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Official exchange rate | 5,200 LCU/$ | 2001 | 10 of 211 |
| Inflation (GDP deflator) | 6 % | 2025 | 160 of 210 |
Employment 8
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Employment in industry | 28.6 % | 2025 | 24 of 184 |
| Unemployment | 4.3 % | 2025 | 72 of 184 |
| Youth unemployment (ages 15-24) | 10 % | 2025 | 72 of 184 |
| Employment in agriculture | 21.9 % | 2025 | 79 of 184 |
| Self-employed workers | 32 % | 2025 | 92 of 184 |
| Employment in services | 49.5 % | 2025 | 129 of 184 |
| Employment rate (ages 15 and over) | 40.2 % | 2025 | 163 of 184 |
| Labor force participation rate (ages 15 and over) | 42 % | 2025 | 170 of 184 |
Foreign Trade 4
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Merchandise exports | $15.6B | 2025 | 86 of 205 |
| Exports of goods and services | 14.5 % | 2025 | 171 of 192 |
| Trade openness | 28.2 % | 2025 | 185 of 192 |
| Imports of goods and services | 13.7 % | 2025 | 189 of 192 |
Investment, Tourism & Aid 6
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foreign direct investment inflows (amount) | $701.4M | 2025 | 112 of 203 |
| Foreign direct investment inflows | 1.4 % | 2025 | 123 of 201 |
| Official development aid received | 0.1 % | 2023 | 135 of 160 |
| International tourist arrivals | 380,000 arr. | 1998 | 140 of 202 |
| Migrant remittances received | 0.2 % | 1996 | 167 of 196 |
| International tourism receipts | $46M | 1997 | 175 of 201 |
Public finances 3
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Military spending | 3.1 % | 1999 | 31 of 165 |
| Research and development spending | 0.1 % | 2023 | 132 of 155 |
| Government final consumption | 12.4 % | 2024 | 138 of 187 |
Finance & Reserves 2
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| External debt | 5.2 % | 2024 | 4 of 121 |
| Total reserves (including gold) | $1.5B | 1999 | 138 of 180 |
Economic structure 6
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gross capital formation | 46.6 % | 2009 | 2 of 185 |
| Manufacturing | 20.5 % | 2004 | 18 of 201 |
| Industry (including construction) | 36 % | 2025 | 26 of 205 |
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 12.4 % | 2025 | 64 of 203 |
| Services | 48.9 % | 2025 | 150 of 202 |
| Household final consumption | 15.1 % | 2012 | 188 of 189 |
Population & Vital Statistics 13
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boys per 100 girls at birth | 106.7 per 100 girls | 2024 | 33 of 213 |
| Adults with an official ID | 98.4 % | 2017 | 36 of 145 |
| Births registered with civil authorities | 99.9 % | 2019 | 49 of 178 |
| Share of 0-14 year olds | 31.2 % | 2025 | 64 of 213 |
| Share of women in the population | 50.9 % | 2025 | 65 of 213 |
| Age dependency ratio | 56.3 per 100 | 2025 | 96 of 213 |
| Population | 7,618,847 inhab. | 2025 | 102 of 213 |
| Share of 15-64 year olds | 64 % | 2025 | 118 of 213 |
| Number of men per 100 women | 96.5 per 100 women | 2025 | 149 of 213 |
| Share of men in the population | 49.1 % | 2025 | 149 of 213 |
| Median age of the population | 26.2 yrs | 2023 | 150 of 226 |
| Share of people aged 65 and over | 4.8 % | 2025 | 151 of 213 |
| Urban population | 47.1 % | 2025 | 154 of 213 |
Births, deaths and life expectancy 14
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population growth | 1.65 % | 2025 | 61 of 213 |
| Children per woman | 2.66 children/woman | 2024 | 67 of 213 |
| Birth rate | 20.9 per 1,000 | 2024 | 67 of 213 |
| Road traffic deaths | 13.5 per 100,000 | 2019 | 85 of 188 |
| Suicide rate | 11.1 per 100,000 | 2023 | 101 of 183 |
| Male suicide rate | 18.1 per 100,000 | 2023 | 105 of 183 |
| Female suicide rate | 5.6 per 100,000 | 2023 | 113 of 183 |
| Healthy life expectancy | 60.5 yrs | 2023 | 127 of 183 |
| Female life expectancy at birth | 73 yrs | 2024 | 148 of 213 |
| Infant mortality | 30.4 per 1,000 | 2024 | 150 of 194 |
| Life expectancy at birth | 70.2 yrs | 2024 | 151 of 213 |
| Male life expectancy at birth | 67 yrs | 2024 | 153 of 213 |
| Under-5 mortality | 39 per 1,000 | 2024 | 154 of 194 |
| Death rate | 5.8 per 1,000 | 2024 | 163 of 213 |
Health and healthcare system 11
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open defecation | 0 % | 2024 | 1 of 211 |
| Measles vaccination | 99 % | 2024 | 1 of 191 |
| Access to basic sanitation | 99.7 % | 2024 | 28 of 211 |
| Access to basic drinking water | 99.9 % | 2024 | 49 of 211 |
| Hospital beds | 3.6 per 1,000 | 2021 | 52 of 190 |
| Undernourishment | 4.1 % | 2024 | 75 of 167 |
| Physicians | 1.93 per 1,000 | 2023 | 87 of 193 |
| New tuberculosis cases | 40 per 100,000 | 2024 | 99 of 206 |
| Nurses and midwives | 3.49 per 1,000 | 2023 | 108 of 196 |
| Health expenditure | 5.5 % | 2023 | 117 of 191 |
| Share of health spending paid directly by patients | 77.4 % | 2023 | 189 of 191 |
Body and lifestyle 14
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco use | 5.4 % | 2024 | 6 of 165 |
| Tobacco use among women | 0.5 % | 2024 | 7 of 165 |
| Tobacco use among men | 10.3 % | 2024 | 10 of 165 |
| Average weight of women | 67.4 kg | 2018 | 19 of 48 |
| Average weight of men | 76.6 kg | 2018 | 19 of 48 |
| Average height of women | 161.7 cm | 2014 | 63 of 198 |
| Diabetes prevalence | 7.1 % | 2024 | 66 of 207 |
| Mean body mass index of men | 26.5 kg/m² | 2016 | 74 of 190 |
| Mean body mass index of women | 26.6 kg/m² | 2016 | 77 of 190 |
| Average height of men | 172 cm | 2014 | 86 of 198 |
| Obesity among adult women | 24.2 % | 2024 | 88 of 196 |
| Adult obesity | 22.2 % | 2024 | 95 of 196 |
| Obesity among adult men | 19.5 % | 2024 | 96 of 196 |
| Alcohol consumption per capita | 1.5 L/person | 2024 | 158 of 202 |
Origins, languages and religions 12
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Share of the population: Muslims | 94.3 % | 2020 | 24 of 192 |
| Linguistic diversity (fractionalization index) | 0.4 | 2003 | 91 of 203 |
| Share of the population: Jews | 0 % | 2020 | 94 of 192 |
| Ethnic diversity (fractionalization index) | 0.39 | 2003 | 107 of 205 |
| Share of the population: Buddhists | 0 % | 2020 | 117 of 192 |
| Share of the population: Hindus | 0 % | 2020 | 129 of 192 |
| Share of immigrants in the population | 2.6 % | 2024 | 138 of 212 |
| Share of the population: Christians | 5.6 % | 2020 | 150 of 192 |
| Religious diversity (fractionalization index) | 0.23 | 2003 | 155 of 204 |
| Share of the population: people with no religious affiliation | 0.1 % | 2020 | 164 of 192 |
| Share of the population: other religions (including folk religions) | 0 % | 2020 | 179 of 192 |
| Majority religion | Muslims (over 50%) | 2020 | 50 countries out of 192 in the same category |
Inequality 4
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Income share of the richest 10% | 31.5 % | 1998 | 37 of 169 |
| Income share of the poorest 20% | 6.1 % | 1998 | 117 of 169 |
| Gini index | 40.8 | 1998 | 132 of 169 |
| Extreme poverty | 35.1 % | 1998 | 140 of 169 |
Territory & Borders 8
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length of land borders | 4,158 km | 2026 | 49 of 230 |
| Land area | 469,930 km² | 2024 | 52 of 212 |
| Total area | 491,209 km² | 2024 | 53 of 212 |
| Number of neighboring countries | 4 countries | 2026 | 56 of 223 |
| Latitude of the country's center | 39.1 ° | 2026 | 61 of 232 |
| Length of coastline | 0 km | 2026 | 184 of 227 |
| Population density | 15.9 inh./km² | 2024 | 194 of 212 |
| Landlocked country | Landlocked | 2026 | 44 countries out of 227 in the same category |
Terrain, Water & Climate 6
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population living less than 5 m above sea level | 0 % | 2015 | 1 of 212 |
| Highest point | 3,139 m | 2026 | 57 of 229 |
| Average elevation | 230 m | 2026 | 129 of 166 |
| Renewable fresh water per person | 194 m³/inh. | 2022 | 165 of 181 |
| Average annual rainfall | 161 mm | 2022 | 168 of 180 |
| Lowest point | -81 m | 2026 | 220 of 228 |
Land & Nature 4
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural land | 84.3 % | 2024 | 4 of 207 |
| Arable land | 3.5 % | 2024 | 149 of 204 |
| Forest cover | 5 % | 2024 | 178 of 210 |
| Protected land areas | 4.3 % | 2025 | 182 of 210 |
Democracy & Elections 13
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Share of adults with the right to vote | 100 % | 2025 | 1 of 173 |
| Minimum voting age | 18 yrs | 2026 | 12 of 222 |
| Free and fair elections index | 0.07 | 2025 | 153 of 173 |
| Electoral democracy index | 0.15 | 2025 | 156 of 173 |
| Egalitarian democracy index | 0.09 | 2025 | 161 of 173 |
| Core civil society index | 0.03 | 2025 | 166 of 173 |
| Liberal democracy index | 0.03 | 2025 | 167 of 173 |
| Participatory democracy index | 0.03 | 2025 | 170 of 173 |
| Civil society participation index | 0.07 | 2025 | 170 of 173 |
| Head of the executive chosen through multiparty elections | Executive from multiparty elections | 2025 | 141 countries out of 173 in the same category |
| Multiparty legislative elections | Multiparty legislative elections | 2025 | 158 countries out of 167 in the same category |
| Multiparty national elections | No multiparty elections | 2025 | 19 countries out of 167 in the same category |
| Political regime | Electoral autocracy | 2025 | 55 countries out of 173 in the same category |
Civil Liberties & Human Rights 9
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equality of civil liberties across social groups | -0.76 | 2025 | 151 of 173 |
| Protection from physical violence by the state (V-Dem) | 0.19 | 2025 | 155 of 174 |
| Freedom of association index | 0.06 | 2025 | 160 of 173 |
| Political civil liberties index | 0.05 | 2025 | 165 of 173 |
| Freedom of expression index | 0.04 | 2025 | 166 of 173 |
| Academic freedom index | 0.06 | 2025 | 167 of 173 |
| Index of individual liberties and equality before the law | 0.1 | 2025 | 167 of 173 |
| Human rights index (V-Dem) | 0.11 | 2025 | 168 of 173 |
| Private civil liberties index | 0.07 | 2025 | 170 of 173 |
Governance & Rule of Law 11
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Political stability and absence of violence (WGI) | 0.24 | 2025 | 97 of 205 |
| Absence of corruption in the judiciary | -1.09 | 2025 | 132 of 173 |
| Judicial constraints on the executive index | 0.05 | 2025 | 160 of 173 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index | 17 pts | 2024 | 165 of 179 |
| Rule of law index (V-Dem) | 0.05 | 2025 | 166 of 173 |
| Political corruption index | 0.9 | 2025 | 167 of 173 |
| Government effectiveness (WGI) | -1.15 | 2025 | 185 of 203 |
| Control of corruption (WGI) | -1.31 | 2025 | 189 of 205 |
| Rule of law (WGI) | -1.42 | 2025 | 190 of 205 |
| Voice and accountability (WGI) | -2.01 | 2025 | 199 of 203 |
| Regulatory quality (WGI) | -1.88 | 2025 | 200 of 203 |
Women's rights 4
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Share of women in parliament | 25.6 % | 2025 | 96 of 192 |
| Year women gained the right to vote | 1,917 | 2025 | 175 of 189 |
| Share of women among ministers | 0 % | 2025 | 184 of 192 |
| Women's right to vote | Right to vote granted to all women | 2025 | 189 countries out of 194 in the same category |
LGBTQ+ rights 17
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| LGBT rights index (composite policy index) | -1.7 pts | 2025 | 163 of 194 |
| Joint adoption by a same-sex couple | Not allowed | 2025 | 155 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Age of sexual consent: same-sex couples | No legal provision | 2025 | 61 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Legal change of gender marker | Not legally possible | 2025 | 125 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Anti-LGBT hate crimes: aggravating circumstance | Not covered | 2025 | 126 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Ban on incitement to anti-LGBT hatred | Not prohibited | 2025 | 141 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Ban on non-consensual surgeries on intersex children | Not banned | 2025 | 182 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Ban on conversion therapies | Not banned | 2025 | 169 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Laws limiting public LGBT expression (“propaganda”) | No restrictions | 2025 | 149 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Same-sex marriage and civil union | Marriage defined as the union of a man and a woman | 2025 | 98 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Death penalty for same-sex relations | No death penalty provided for | 2025 | 185 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Protection against employment discrimination (sexual orientation, gender identity) | No protection | 2025 | 107 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Protection from discrimination in goods and services (LGBT) | No protection | 2025 | 125 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Protection of sexual orientation and gender identity in the constitution | Not mentioned | 2025 | 180 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Legal recognition of a third gender | Not recognized | 2025 | 174 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Same-sex sexual relations | Criminalized | 2025 | 61 countries out of 194 in the same category |
| Gender-affirming care: coverage and restrictions | Neither coverage nor national restriction | 2025 | 149 countries out of 194 in the same category |
Justice and security 8
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homicide rate | 1 per 100,000 | 2015 | 46 of 192 |
| United Nations Convention against Torture | State party | 2026 | 171 countries out of 202 in the same category |
| International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) | State party | 2026 | 172 countries out of 202 in the same category |
| Civilian access to handguns | Prohibited for civilians | 2026 | 60 countries out of 113 in the same category |
| Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court | Neither party nor signatory | 2026 | 52 countries out of 202 in the same category |
| Legal status of the death penalty | Abolished for all crimes | 2026 | 112 countries out of 195 in the same category |
| Legal status of cannabis (medical use) | Prohibited | 2026 | 126 countries out of 180 in the same category |
| Legal status of cannabis (recreational use) | Prohibited | 2026 | 144 countries out of 194 in the same category |
Health and reproductive rights 8
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Births attended by skilled health personnel | 100 % | 2019 | 1 of 204 |
| Family planning needs met by modern methods | 70.9 % | 2000 | 21 of 78 |
| Maternal mortality | 5 per 100,000 | 2023 | 23 of 192 |
| Unmet need for contraception | 9.7 % | 2019 | 31 of 150 |
| Abortion on request: maximum legal time limit | 5 wks | 2026 | 61 of 61 |
| Use of modern contraceptives | 47.3 % | 2019 | 86 of 181 |
| Adolescent birth rate | 20.1 per 1,000 | 2024 | 90 of 213 |
| Abortion: grounds allowed by law | Allowed on request (within a time limit set by law) | 2026 | 67 countries out of 191 in the same category |
Work and social rights 6
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children in child labor (ages 5-17) | 0.3 % | 2016 | 1 of 64 |
| Legal retirement age (men) | 62 yrs | 2026 | 54 of 78 |
| Legal retirement age (women) | 57 yrs | 2026 | 70 of 78 |
| Non-respect of freedom of association and collective bargaining | 1.4 /10 | 2024 | 82 of 186 |
| Statutory monthly minimum wage in purchasing power parity | $609 | 2021 | 85 of 168 |
| Population covered by at least one social benefit | 42.7 % | 2021 | 120 of 210 |
Family & Nationality 6
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age of civil majority | 18 yrs | 2026 | 21 of 187 |
| Women married before age 18 | 6.1 % | 2024 | 33 of 144 |
| Years of residence required for naturalization | 7 yrs | 2026 | 49 of 152 |
| Dual nationality | Dual nationality recognised | 2026 | 78 countries out of 191 in the same category |
| Nationality acquired by birth on the territory | Not acquired automatically by birth in the country | 2026 | 154 countries out of 192 in the same category |
| Legal status of polygamy | Not recognized (prohibited) | 2026 | 107 countries out of 167 in the same category |
Civic duties 4
| Indicator | Value | Year | World position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of compulsory schooling | 12 yrs | 2025 | 32 of 194 |
| Age of entry into primary school | 6 yrs | 2025 | 33 of 207 |
| Compulsory military service | Compulsory military service | 2025 | 61 countries out of 134 in the same category |
| Compulsory voting | Voluntary voting | 2026 | 199 countries out of 226 in the same category |
Frequently asked questions
How many people live in Turkmenistan?
Turkmenistan has about 7,618,847 inhabitants (2025), ranking 102 worldwide out of 213 countries.
What is the GDP per capita of Turkmenistan?
GDP per capita is $6,540 /inh. (2025): Turkmenistan ranks 127 out of 211 countries.
What is the unemployment rate in Turkmenistan?
The unemployment rate is 4.3 % (2025); Turkmenistan ranks 72 out of 184 (ranked from lowest to highest).
Where does Turkmenistan stand in its region (Asia)?
GDP per capita: Turkmenistan has $6,540 /inh., close to the regional median (Asia: $6,540 /inh.).
Where do the figures on Turkmenistan come from?
The data comes from public sources (World Bank, CIA World Factbook…), cited on each indicator page, with the year of each value.
Rank is the position in the world ranking for each indicator (the ranking direction is given on the indicator's page). Sources and update dates are on each indicator's page.