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🇹🇱 Timor-Leste

With 1,418,517 inhabitants (2025), Timor-Leste ranks 152 out of 213 in the population ranking (Asia). GDP per capita – Timor-Leste: $1,341 /inh. (2025), ranking 184 out of 211. Economic growth is 7 % (2025). The unemployment rate is 1.6 % (2025). Annual inflation stands at 0.4 % (2025).

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Strengths and weaknesses

Strengths – Timor-Leste, according to global rankings (rank/countries ranked): Share of adults with the right to vote (1/173), Women's legal equality: property and inheritance (1/186), Women's legal equality: mobility (1/186).

Weaknesses – Timor-Leste, according to global rankings (rank/countries ranked): Gross savings (178/178), Tobacco use (165/165), Tobacco use among men (165/165).

Regional comparison

Comparable countries

From closest to furthest. The proximity score (0 to 100) compares each country’s position across all the indicators they have in common: 100 = identical profiles.

All indicators

·
Wealth & Growth 9
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Natural resource rents34.7 %2021 6 of 211
GDP growth7 %2025 21 of 211
GDP per capita growth5.6 %2025 23 of 211
GDP per capita, purchasing power parity$4,809 /inh.2025 169 of 201
GDP, purchasing power parity$6.8B2025 170 of 201
Gross national income per capita (Atlas method)$1,510 /inh.2025 175 of 205
Net national income per capita$418 /inh.2021 177 of 184
GDP per capita$1,341 /inh.2025 184 of 211
GDP$1.9B2025 190 of 211
Prices, Inflation & Currency 6
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Inflation (GDP deflator)-4.7 %2025 7 of 210
Real interest rate15.8 %2025 8 of 146
Inflation (consumer prices)0.4 %2025 25 of 191
Broad money supply (M3)71.8 %2024 58 of 164
Lending interest rate10.4 %2025 59 of 146
Official exchange rate1 LCU/$2025 160 of 211
Employment 8
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Unemployment1.6 %2025 14 of 184
Youth unemployment (ages 15-24)3.7 %2025 14 of 184
Employment in agriculture46 %2025 26 of 184
Self-employed workers74.9 %2025 28 of 184
Employment rate (ages 15 and over)65.9 %2025 34 of 184
Labor force participation rate (ages 15 and over)67 %2025 45 of 184
Employment in services50.2 %2025 125 of 184
Employment in industry3.8 %2025 183 of 184
Foreign Trade 7
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Imports of goods and services84.9 %2024 21 of 192
Trade openness95.4 %2024 73 of 192
High-technology exports1.5 %2023 150 of 185
Services exports$132.6M2025 173 of 198
Exports of goods and services10.6 %2024 182 of 192
Merchandise exports$103M2025 183 of 205
Current account balance-36.9 %2025 194 of 198
Investment, Tourism & Aid 6
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Foreign direct investment inflows13.3 %2025 11 of 201
Official development aid received11.3 %2023 22 of 160
Migrant remittances received10 %2025 29 of 196
Foreign direct investment inflows (amount)$253.2M2025 139 of 203
International tourism receipts$78M2018 163 of 201
International tourist arrivals74,800 arr.2019 179 of 202
Public finances 6
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Government final consumption60.6 %2024 2 of 187
Central government spending52.5 %2022 6 of 160
Budget balance1.6 %2022 22 of 158
Tax revenue21.6 %2022 42 of 161
Share of income taxes in government revenue30.2 %2022 45 of 159
Military spending2.3 %2025 58 of 165
Finance & Reserves 4
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
External debt15.4 %2024 10 of 121
Reserves in months of imports5.8 months2025 53 of 177
Domestic credit to the private sector39.1 %2025 93 of 184
Total reserves (including gold)$806.3M2025 148 of 180
Economic structure 7
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Household final consumption83.6 %2024 26 of 189
Services71.6 %2024 28 of 202
Gross capital formation30.1 %2024 36 of 185
Agriculture, forestry and fishing20.2 %2024 38 of 203
Gross savings-21.1 %2024 178 of 178
Industry (including construction)11.8 %2024 178 of 205
Manufacturing1.9 %2024 184 of 201
Population & Vital Statistics 12
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Boys per 100 girls at birth107.1 per 100 girls2024 18 of 213
Number of men per 100 women101.7 per 100 women2025 49 of 213
Share of men in the population50.4 %2025 49 of 213
Share of 0-14 year olds33.1 %2025 55 of 213
Age dependency ratio62.2 per 1002025 62 of 213
Share of people aged 65 and over5.2 %2025 142 of 213
Share of 15-64 year olds61.7 %2025 152 of 213
Population1,418,517 inhab.2025 152 of 213
Births registered with civil authorities60.4 %2016 154 of 178
Share of women in the population49.6 %2025 165 of 213
Median age of the population21 yrs2023 178 of 226
Urban population28.8 %2025 196 of 213
Births, deaths and life expectancy 14
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Suicide rate5 per 100,0002023 38 of 183
Male suicide rate7.6 per 100,0002023 39 of 183
Female suicide rate2.4 per 100,0002023 45 of 183
Birth rate21.8 per 1,0002024 61 of 213
Children per woman2.63 children/woman2024 68 of 213
Road traffic deaths11.9 per 100,0002019 73 of 188
Population growth1.27 %2025 79 of 213
Death rate7.2 per 1,0002024 106 of 213
Healthy life expectancy60.8 yrs2023 123 of 183
Infant mortality34.6 per 1,0002024 161 of 194
Male life expectancy at birth66.3 yrs2024 162 of 213
Under-5 mortality47.6 per 1,0002024 163 of 194
Life expectancy at birth67.9 yrs2024 165 of 213
Female life expectancy at birth69.7 yrs2024 175 of 213
Health and healthcare system 12
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Share of health spending paid directly by patients7 %2023 12 of 191
Health expenditure9.6 %2023 32 of 191
HIV prevalence0.2 %2024 46 of 152
Physicians0.75 per 1,0002020 126 of 193
Undernourishment16.9 %2024 133 of 167
Nurses and midwives1.74 per 1,0002020 145 of 196
Access to basic sanitation72.9 %2024 154 of 211
Measles vaccination72 %2024 160 of 191
Access to basic drinking water87.3 %2024 161 of 211
Open defecation7.9 %2024 177 of 211
Hospital beds0.4 per 1,0002023 181 of 190
New tuberculosis cases496 per 100,0002024 202 of 206
Body and lifestyle 12
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Obesity among adult men1.7 %2024 2 of 196
Adult obesity3.6 %2024 3 of 196
Obesity among adult women5.5 %2024 6 of 196
Diabetes prevalence3.2 %2024 8 of 207
Tobacco use among women21.4 %2024 140 of 165
Tobacco use48.8 %2024 165 of 165
Tobacco use among men76.2 %2024 165 of 165
Alcohol consumption per capita0.2 L/person2024 184 of 202
Mean body mass index of men21.3 kg/m²2016 184 of 190
Mean body mass index of women21.3 kg/m²2016 187 of 190
Average height of women151.2 cm2014 193 of 198
Average height of men159.8 cm2014 198 of 198
Origins, languages and religions 12
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Share of the population: Christians99.5 %2020 1 of 192
Linguistic diversity (fractionalization index)0.532003 69 of 203
Share of the population: Buddhists0 %2020 93 of 192
Share of the population: Jews0 %2020 94 of 192
Share of the population: Hindus0 %2020 101 of 192
Religious diversity (fractionalization index)0.432003 118 of 204
Share of the population: Muslims0.3 %2020 143 of 192
Share of the population: other religions (including folk religions)0.1 %2020 160 of 192
Share of the population: people with no religious affiliation0.1 %2020 168 of 192
Share of immigrants in the population0.6 %2024 184 of 212
Ethnic diversity (fractionalization index)02003 189 of 205
Majority religionChristians (over 50%)2020114 countries out of 192 in the same category
Inequality 4
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Income share of the poorest 20%9.4 %2014 13 of 169
Gini index28.72014 24 of 169
Income share of the richest 10%24 %2014 137 of 169
Extreme poverty44 %2014 155 of 169
Territory & Borders 8
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Length of coastline706 km2026 91 of 227
Population density94.2 inh./km²2024 109 of 212
Number of neighboring countries1 countries2026 137 of 223
Length of land borders253 km2026 147 of 230
Total area14,870 km²2024 155 of 212
Land area14,870 km²2024 155 of 212
Latitude of the country's center-8.8 °2026 192 of 232
Landlocked countryHas sea access2026183 countries out of 227 in the same category
Terrain, Water & Climate 5
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Lowest point0 m2026 39 of 228
Average annual rainfall1,500 mm2022 59 of 180
Renewable fresh water per person5,999 m³/inh.2022 64 of 181
Highest point2,963 m2026 67 of 229
Population living less than 5 m above sea level3 %2015 107 of 212
Land & Nature 4
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Forest cover71 %2024 17 of 210
Protected land areas16.1 %2025 114 of 210
Arable land7.5 %2024 116 of 204
Agricultural land23 %2024 141 of 207
Democracy & Elections 13
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Share of adults with the right to vote100 %2025 1 of 173
Core civil society index0.922025 18 of 173
Electoral democracy index0.742025 45 of 173
Participatory democracy index0.462025 47 of 173
Free and fair elections index0.862025 49 of 173
Liberal democracy index0.552025 54 of 173
Egalitarian democracy index0.472025 56 of 173
Civil society participation index0.752025 67 of 173
Minimum voting age17 yrs2026 212 of 222
Head of the executive chosen through multiparty electionsExecutive from multiparty elections2025141 countries out of 173 in the same category
Multiparty legislative electionsMultiparty legislative elections2025158 countries out of 167 in the same category
Multiparty national electionsMultiparty elections2025148 countries out of 167 in the same category
Political regimeElectoral democracy202555 countries out of 173 in the same category
Civil Liberties & Human Rights 9
Governance & Rule of Law 11
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Political corruption index0.252025 48 of 173
Rule of law index (V-Dem)0.722025 64 of 173
Political stability and absence of violence (WGI)0.652025 70 of 205
Corruption Perceptions Index44 pts2024 74 of 179
Absence of corruption in the judiciary0.612025 75 of 173
Voice and accountability (WGI)0.432025 76 of 203
Judicial constraints on the executive index0.672025 89 of 173
Control of corruption (WGI)-0.392025 127 of 205
Rule of law (WGI)-0.642025 144 of 205
Government effectiveness (WGI)-0.542025 146 of 203
Regulatory quality (WGI)-0.732025 157 of 203
Women's rights 17
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Share of women in parliament35.4 %2025 46 of 192
Women subjected to partner violence (past 12 months)34.6 %2016 99 of 106
Year women gained the right to vote1,9532025 101 of 189
Share of women among ministers20 %2025 105 of 192
Paid maternity leavePaid leave of less than 98 days202559 countries out of 186 in the same category
Paid paternity leavePaid leave of less than 14 days202561 countries out of 186 in the same category
Women's right to voteRight to vote granted to all women2025189 countries out of 194 in the same category
Women's right to take a job without permissionSame right as men2025168 countries out of 186 in the same category
Women's right to travel abroadSame right as men2025171 countries out of 186 in the same category
Equal inheritance between sons and daughtersEqual rights for sons and daughters2025146 countries out of 186 in the same category
Equal pay for work of equal valueWritten into law202598 countries out of 186 in the same category
Equal property ownership rightsEqual rights for men and women2025165 countries out of 186 in the same category
Ban on gender discrimination in employmentDiscrimination prohibited by law2025157 countries out of 186 in the same category
Femicide lawNo specific provision2025151 countries out of 186 in the same category
Law on sexual harassmentOne to three areas covered2025151 countries out of 186 in the same category
Law on domestic violenceComprehensive law202593 countries out of 186 in the same category
Legal quota for women on company boardsNo mandatory quota2025147 countries out of 186 in the same category
Women's Legal Equality (Indices) 11
LGBTQ+ rights 17
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
LGBT rights index (composite policy index)2.2 pts2025 84 of 194
Joint adoption by a same-sex coupleNot allowed2025155 countries out of 194 in the same category
Age of sexual consent: same-sex couplesSame as for different-sex couples2025120 countries out of 194 in the same category
Legal change of gender markerNot legally possible2025125 countries out of 194 in the same category
Anti-LGBT hate crimes: aggravating circumstanceSexual orientation only202519 countries out of 194 in the same category
Ban on incitement to anti-LGBT hatredNot prohibited2025141 countries out of 194 in the same category
Ban on non-consensual surgeries on intersex childrenNot banned2025182 countries out of 194 in the same category
Ban on conversion therapiesNot banned2025169 countries out of 194 in the same category
Laws limiting public LGBT expression (“propaganda”)No restrictions2025149 countries out of 194 in the same category
Same-sex marriage and civil unionMarriage defined as the union of a man and a woman202598 countries out of 194 in the same category
Death penalty for same-sex relationsNo death penalty provided for2025185 countries out of 194 in the same category
Protection against employment discrimination (sexual orientation, gender identity)No protection2025107 countries out of 194 in the same category
Protection from discrimination in goods and services (LGBT)No protection2025125 countries out of 194 in the same category
Protection of sexual orientation and gender identity in the constitutionNot mentioned2025180 countries out of 194 in the same category
Legal recognition of a third genderNot recognized2025174 countries out of 194 in the same category
Same-sex sexual relationsLegal2025130 countries out of 194 in the same category
Gender-affirming care: coverage and restrictionsNeither coverage nor national restriction2025149 countries out of 194 in the same category
Justice and security 8
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Homicide rate4.1 per 100,0002015 112 of 192
United Nations Convention against TortureState party2026171 countries out of 202 in the same category
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)State party2026172 countries out of 202 in the same category
Civilian access to handgunsProhibited for civilians202660 countries out of 113 in the same category
Rome Statute of the International Criminal CourtState party2026117 countries out of 202 in the same category
Legal status of the death penaltyAbolished for all crimes2026112 countries out of 195 in the same category
Legal status of cannabis (medical use)Prohibited2026126 countries out of 180 in the same category
Legal status of cannabis (recreational use)Prohibited2026144 countries out of 194 in the same category
Health and reproductive rights 7
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Family planning needs met by modern methods46.9 %2016 47 of 78
Adolescent birth rate26.8 per 1,0002024 106 of 213
Unmet need for contraception25.3 %2016 121 of 150
Use of modern contraceptives24.1 %2016 142 of 181
Maternal mortality192 per 100,0002023 156 of 192
Births attended by skilled health personnel56.7 %2016 190 of 204
Abortion: grounds allowed by lawAllowed only to save the woman's life202635 countries out of 191 in the same category
Work and social rights 5
Family & Nationality 10
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Years of residence required for naturalization10 yrs2026 12 of 152
Women married before age 1814.9 %2016 63 of 144
Age of civil majority17 yrs2026 182 of 187
Dual nationalityNot recognised202698 countries out of 191 in the same category
Women's right to be head of householdSame right as men2025157 countries out of 186 in the same category
Women's right to divorceSame right as men2025142 countries out of 186 in the same category
Legal framework on child marriageAt least one condition is missing2025141 countries out of 186 in the same category
Nationality acquired by birth on the territoryNot acquired automatically by birth in the country2026154 countries out of 192 in the same category
Wife's legal duty of obedience to her husbandNo duty of obedience in the law2025168 countries out of 186 in the same category
Legal status of polygamyNot recognized (prohibited)2026107 countries out of 167 in the same category
Civic duties 3
IndicatorValueYearWorld position
Age of entry into primary school6 yrs2025 33 of 207
Duration of compulsory schooling9 yrs2025 113 of 194
Compulsory votingVoluntary voting2026199 countries out of 226 in the same category

Frequently asked questions

How many people live in Timor-Leste?

Timor-Leste has about 1,418,517 inhabitants (2025), ranking 152 worldwide out of 213 countries.

What is the GDP per capita of Timor-Leste?

GDP per capita is $1,341 /inh. (2025): Timor-Leste ranks 184 out of 211 countries.

What is the inflation rate in Timor-Leste?

Annual inflation is 0.4 % (2025); Timor-Leste ranks 25 out of 191 (ranked from lowest to highest).

What is the unemployment rate in Timor-Leste?

The unemployment rate is 1.6 % (2025); Timor-Leste ranks 14 out of 184 (ranked from lowest to highest).

Where does Timor-Leste stand in its region (Asia)?

GDP per capita: Timor-Leste has $1,341 /inh., below the regional median (Asia: $6,540 /inh.).

Where do the figures on Timor-Leste come from?

The data comes from public sources (World Bank, CIA World Factbook…), cited on each indicator page, with the year of each value.

Rank is the position in the world ranking for each indicator (the ranking direction is given on the indicator's page). Sources and update dates are on each indicator's page.